shineijiaxiangshigenjuxiujianwudeliyongxingzi、suochuqingkuanghexiangyingguifan，yingyongwuzishouyishouwanhexiujianjiaxiangdaoli，dizaogongxiaogongdao、wenxinmeihao、zhizurenmenwuzihejinglihukouxuyaodeshineiqingkuang。zheiyikongjianqingkuangjijubeiliyongdaijia，zhizuxiangyingdegongxiaoqingqiu，tongshiyefanyinglehanqingwenmai、xiujianqigai、qingkuangqi fendengjinglishenfen。mingbaidiba“dizaozhizurenmenwuzihejinglihukouxuyaodeshineiqingkuang”zuoweishineijiaxiangdemubiao。

qingshezhuyi，daibiaozhe“qingchengdangaopinde”dehukoulinian，changdaozailibushengrendeguimoneidazaoshuyubenshendegaopindedidiaohaohuahukou。shenmeshiqingshe？zanmenshuoyixiaowo“haochi”，tongsudoushizhiguofenpofei，guofenxiangyong。er“qingshe”，zeshiyizhongqiadaoyichudepofei，qiadaoyichudexiangyong——“qingshe”dedingjiadiyu“haochi”，yougaoyuneixiegonggonghua，qiuliangbuqiuzhidetongleichanwu，tongsuhuafeizheyenenggouhuoxumengshou。genzhehukoushuipingdebushijinbuhehuafeidebushijinji，qingsheyulaiyuzaodaofuyujieji、bailingjiejideaihao，tamenjubeilebirandejingjiqiantiheguanshangcaineng，duijiaxiang、meiganyoubirandexunqiu，qingshejinengzhizutamenduigaopinde、gaodangcihukoudexunqiuheshehuiweizhiyushenfendezhangxian，tongshiyezaitamendejingjimengshouguimoyinei。

xiantianhaiwanbieshushineijiaxiangchengguotu，shineizhuangxiujiaxiang，nianqingnvhaicaibanqingshedanpinfangfochangchanghuibeizhizhidaodian，beishuobaijin，danzheizhishiyizhongpianxiangyupindededaijiaguan，shizaigongdaodejiaqianguimoneijinnenggouhuoxuxunqiudanpindezhigan，biqimaishijiantongsuwupin，neiyijianqingshenenggouhuoxudaijitamengenghaodeliyongganyuyuyuegan。guranbeioufanfudaxingqidao，danduijiadejihuazhongzonghuiyouyixiedanyuanjialibuyaoneimojianlvedejiaxiang。dianshibeijingqiangyishuhuademuwenzhuanghuangban，youguaiyidejinsishuimoyunrandechengguo，xiafangdedianshijujumenjienaleshuimoshiwenli，yuxuansekaoqicaizhidapei，qianweishimao。

chanyefengshineijiaxiangchengguotu，chanyefengjiazhuangjiaxiang，chanyefenghenku，takuhan、chaotuo，keshitayouhenshikaifang，taxiejuerunse，huixiangnijieshitadequanshu。henshiduodeloft、renwushi、kafeiguan、canguandoujienalechanyefengdejiaxiang，xihaotaderen，huichenmianyuneicubaodeqiweiheyourendelaowujian。shuinizhuan、koujiaohui、tieyijiaju……tijichanyefeng，ninengxiangqinaxieshenfenni？chanyefengbangbianneixiekukudeganchuganranshishishizenyanglaide，mingtian，zanmenjiulaijiangshuochanyefengdeneixieshier。erzhanhou，meiguodejianzaoyexingwangchengzhang，yeweichanyefenggongjifeiraodenitu。daole90nianyue，bangenzhejiushiziliaodefengxing，chuzhiyishuwenming、jiaxianggongzhongdexinyidaixipishi，qitoubadapishichenhuazaixiezilouhejiatingzhiwaidechusuo，baohankafeiguan、canting……zheixiechusuobeitongchengwei「disankongjian」。xipishiduitexing、jinshu、huiguibenzhendexunqiujianjieyingxianglezheixiekongjiandeqigai，yecujinlemeishichanyefengdefengxing。

shineijiaxiangchengguotu，gudaifanfushineijiaxiang，zhuangxiujiaxiang，gudaiqigaixingzhuangjianlian、gongxiaoqiang，kuadashineikongjianxingzhuanghewujiandedanyixing、longtongxing。gudaifanfuqigai，wangwenshengyi，bianshirangyiqiedexijiekanshangqudoushihenshijianliande。zhuangxiuzhongjijianlianshirangkongjiankanshangquhenshijianlian，daqi。zhuanghuangdebuweiyaoshao，keshizaisecaiheguihuashang，zaizhuangxiuziliaodetiaoxuanpeidashangxuyaofeihendadejing，zheishiyizhongjingdi，bushitongsujiaxiangshinenggouhuoxujiaxiangchulaide。wuyi，gudaifanfuqigaidezhuangxiuqigaifengyinglenianqingrendeaihao，douhuifanmanghukou，zaoyirangzanmenfannilejiulvdenghong，huatianjiudi，zanmengengxihaodeyigeningjing，pinghe，kanshangqukaikuoshuanglangkuankuowenxindejia，laixiaomirenwudedaijuan，wanghuaidouhuidenaorereliefanhua。zheiyeshixianzaifengxingdezhuangxiuqigaizhiyi：gudaifanfuqigai。

shuiniguancanting，ribenbingdangdianjiaxiang，canyinkongjianshineijiaxiang，ribenbingdangfayuanyuribenliedao，zhubuchengzhangchengweidujuribentediandecaiyao。ribenheshiqingqiusetianran、weixianmei、xingduoyang、qijingqiao，bingqieziliaohediaodufazhengshijihougan。 ribenbingdang，shouyaofenweiliangdalei『ribenheshi』he『ribenyangshi』。 [1] dangtidaoribenbingdangshi，liangduorenhuixiaxiangdaoshousi、shengyupian，zheixieribenshenbenshenfaxiandeshipinbianshi『heshi』；biede，yuanzizhongguoderishilamian、yuanziyinduderishikali、yuanzifaguoderishidanbaofan、yuanziyidaliderishineibulesifengyidalimiandengdeng，zheixiejiubeichengweirishi『yangshi』，biaoxiancongbenguoyinjin，guranbuzheitianbenfaxian、keshidianmoribendegexinchengweiribenbingdangdeyizhong；cizhongribengexindezhongguocai（rishilamian、rishijianjiao、tianjinfan、tangyangjikuaideng）youyouyuzhongguoqishibushuyutaixideguimo，yishijianjiebeijiaozuo『rishizhonghuabingdang』deshichenyeliangduo。 [2] ribenchuantongheshibaishehenshijingmei，youruyishudehuaishibingdang。keshi，duiliangduoribenshenlaijiang，ribenbingdangshipingchangdechuantongyinshi，chugeshizaimingzhiqijianmoqisuogouchengdeyinshi。chuantongderibenbingdangzhushishimifan，erhouzaipeishangqiyucaiyao——yu、rou、shucai、jiangcai，hetang。bingdangdechenghaozeshiyongzheixiecaiyaodeshulianglaidingming。julilaijiang，zuijianlvederibencanshi“dancaican”（ribenyu：yizhiyicai/いちじゅういっさい），neirongshiyidie

yongsecaizhuruhuoqi，rangjiademeiyigejiaoluodouxinying，pifakaihuaerdeziwei，ganchuganranchunjideqiwei!zaizheili，duizheminglideyangguangkaishiyilvxiaolian，huanyuzaixianzaiyubenshenshirusideqiejin。meishiqigai，wangwenshengyishilaiziyumeiguodezhuangxiuhezhuanghuangqigai。shizhimindiqigaizhongzuiwenmingdedaibiaoqigai，mouzhongyisishangyichenglezhimindiqigaidedaimingci。meiguoshigeyiminguodu，ouzhoulieguogeminzuguominlikaimeizhouzhimindi，bageminzugediqudezhuanghuangzhuangxiuhejiajuqigaidoudaidaolemeiguo，tongshiyouyumeiguodidawubo，jidadepukaileyiminmenduichicundeyuanwang，shidemeishiqigaiyiguangda，wenxin，zarougeleiqigaierzhucheng。 meishiqigaishimeiguohukoutiliyanhuadaojin rideyizhongqingshi。 meiguoshiyigechongshanganxiandeguodu，zheiyepeiyangleqianxian、suibiandebujihukoutili，butaiduozuozuoderunseyushufu，bujingyizhongtongyangchengjiulebiedeyizhongxiuxianshidelangman，ermeiguodewenmingyoushiyigeyizhiwenmingweizhudaodetouxu，tayouzhebaluokedehaochiyuguiqi，danyoulianxilemeizhoudaluzheikuaishuitudebuji，ruxulianxidechengguoshitichuliangduojushu，danyounengzhaoxunwenminggendidexindefugu、guiqijiadaqieryoubushianxianyusuibiandeqigai。 meishijiajuqigaidezheixieyuansuyeqiahaofengyingleshixiadewenmingzichanzheduihukoutilidexuyao，ji：youwenminggan、youguiqigan，haibunengqueshaoanxianganyuqingdiaogan。

guxiangqigaishineijiaxiang，guxiangjiazhuangjiaxiang，guxianghengyujiaxiang，guxiangqigai shiyizhonggonggongzhuangxiuqigai，qidazhishijingyouguochengzhuanghuangzhuangxiubiaoxianchuguxiangdeqiwei。zheilideguxiangbingfeixiangcundeguxiang，ershiyizhongqiejintianran，shenchitianrandeqigai。guxiangqigaidejianposhihaofantiaoxuanciqigaizhuangxiuzhezuixiaideyigetedian，youyuzaiguzaodedouhuizhong，renmenzhendehenxiangjiejintianran，xunqiujianpodehukou，yinerguxianghukoujiuyingyunershengla!xihaoguxiangqigaiderendajubudoushididiaoderen，xiaodehukou，xiaodehukoulaizhibuyi!guxiangqigaizhiyishichengweiguxiangqigai，shiyouyuguxiangqigaibiaoxiandezhutiyiqiejintianran，jieshijianpohukoudeqiwei。guxiangqigaizuidadetedianbianshi：jianpo，qinre，qishi。

wenyihuifuqiandexiou，jiajuyishudianmodananyuzhangqijiandelengluohou，zai9zhi11shijiyoucongtouguqi，binggouchengguaiyideqigai——dizhonghaishiqigai。dizhonghaiqigaijiajuyiqijijuqinhelideguxiangfengqingjiwenhesecaihezuhedapeishangdedaqihenkuaibeidizhonghaizhiwaidedadiqurenqunsuojieguan。wuchanfurao、zhanghaianxian、xiujianqigaideduoyanghua、rizhaojiliegouchengdefengtuzhetuouwen，zheixieshenfenshidedizhonghaijubeianxianhaofang、secaiduoyangchangliangdetedian。chunmeidesecaijihua “dizhonghaiqigai”duizhongguodouhuijiajudezuidameili，laiziqichunmeidesecaizuhe。 dizhonghaiqigaiyegenjudiqutianranchengxianlesanzhongdianfandesecaidapei： xibanyazhanlansedehaianyuhongseshaan。 xiladehongsecunluoyushaanhebihai、lantianlianchengyipian。 beifeiduyoudegebi、yanshi、ni、shadengtianranjingguansecaituhuangjihonghe。 buxiuxiangmaodexiantiao baiqiangdebujingyitumoxiuzhengdechengguoyegouchengyizhongtebiedebufazewaibiao。 guaiyidezhuanghuangtili patengleidongwushihanjiandejujiadongwu，linglongxinaidelvsepenzaiyechangpiejian。 secaibinizuojiu，tianrandefengchuirishai，binitianran。

gudaiqigaishineijiaxiangchengguotu，gudaijiazhuangjiaxiangchengguotu，gudaifanfuqigaiyincifanfuweizhudezhuangxiuqigai。fanfuzhuyiyuanyu20shijizaoqidedongfanggudaizhuyi。dongfanggudaizhuyiyuanyubaohaosixuepai，baohaosixuepaichuchuangyu1919niandeguoweima，kaichuangrenshiwaerte·geluopeisi（walter gropius），baohaosixuepaichangdaogongxiaodiyidezhunsheng。tichuheshiliushuixianchuchandejiajuwaixing，zaixiujianzhuanghuangshangchangdaofanfu，fanfuqigaidetedianshijiangjiaxiangdeyuansu、secai、zhaoming、yuanziliaojianhuadaoqimadeshuiping，danduisecai、ziliaodezhiganqingqiuhengao。yinci，fanfudekongjianjiaxiangfanshihenshihanxu，changchangnengdaodayishaoshengduo、yijianshengfandechengguo。